Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus | IDDM | Juvenile Diabetes

 What is Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus, IDDM, Juvenile Diabetes . What is IDDM. Eitiology, causes, pathophysiology

  Type 1 diabetes is also called Juvenile Diabetes, Insulin dependent diabetes or Autoimmune Diabetes. Person with type 1 diabetes has immune response against his own beta cells of pancreas, so pancreas is unable to produce insuline atall. There is complete destruction of beta cells of pancreas and it is unable to produce Insuline atall. That is why it is called as autoimmune diabetes. Juvenile diabetes usually occurs in children but can appear at any age. To live normal life patient has to take insuline and take regular exercise and has proper diet plan.

What are Main causes of destruction of Beta cells of Pancreas which lead to type 1 diabetes.

Genetic Susceptibility

• Stron Family History of Diabetes
• There are chances of identical turns, if one twin has diabetes, then there are 50% chance that other twin will also has diabetes
• Often seen in HLA-D Phenotypes

AutoImmunity

• Iselet cells antibodies instead of providing immunity to pancreatic cells, they act against these beta cells and destry these cells
• Lymphcytes (Type of white blood cells) also play role in cells destruction
• Type 1 may also be associated with other autoimmune diseases like Hashimoto's thyroiditis, Addison's Disease thus providing us a clue that type 1 diabetes is an autoimmune disease

Environmental Factors

• Viruses like Rubella Mumps Measles may pay role in type 1 diabetes causing factors.
• Exposure to cow's milk in infancy rather than material milk, may play role, as albumin in cow's milk react with iselet cells of pancreas.
• Geogrphical factors may also play role as Juvenile Diabetes is much common in Finland, Sardinia.

In USA 10-15% diagnosed cases of diabetes mellitus comprises of type 1 diabetes. Symptoms of type 1 diabetes are increase urination, increase thurst, increase hunger and weight loss. Eyes may also be affected as blurred vision. The person with type 1 diabetes should be diagnosed earlier, otherwise it can lead to a medical emergency situation like diabetic Coma with kitoacidosis.